Boat.



H. BRNKHAUS.

BOAT.

APPLICATION FILED IuLY I. 1916..

Patented July 2, 1918.

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HUGO BRINKHAUS, OF BROOKLYN, NEW YORK.

BOAT.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 1918.

Application led July 7, 1916. Serial No. 107,914.

To all whom t may concern.-

Be it known that I, HUGO BRI-NKHAUS, a citizen of the United States, residing at the borough of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Boats, of which the following is a specification, reference being had therein to the accompanying drawings, forming part thereof.

My invention relates to boats of all kinds and relates more particularly to means for increasing the speed and economizing the power. The main object of my invention is to reduce or decrease the head resistance or bow resistance of boats of all kinds from the largest ocean liner down to the smallest craft. Other more particular objects and advantages of my invention will hereinafter appear.

My invention includes one or more waterconveying conduits arranged longitudinally fore and aft or lengthwise of the boat outside of thc hull of the boat, such, for example, as one such conduit at each side of the hull below the water line and adjacent to the bottom of the boat, one side of each conduit conforming to the contour of the hull of the boat, that is to say, the hull of the boat forming the inner wall of the conduit and the other side walls of the conduit, that is, the upper, lower andouter walls thereof, being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boat,each such water-conveying conduit extending fore and aft and preferabi; extending from a point even or flush with the extreme front end or prowof the boat, aft or back nearly to or substantially to the stern ofthe boat, so that water-collecting or water-receiving funnels are provided at the bow of the boat and water-releasing or water-discharging funnels are provided at the stern of the boat; means, such as propellers within the conduits being provided for im peiling the water through the conduits .from end to end thereof, for overcoming the skin-friction of the water `therein and `so that a substantial part of the water at the front-of the boat which otherwise would have to be pushed out ofthe way by the advancing boat and which would be raised to the surface and rolled away in a bow wave, will be removed from in front of the boatand will be carried sternward through the conduits, thereby decreasing the bow resistance or head resistance and at the same time propelling or assisting in propelling the boat forward. My invention further includes features of construction and combinations of parts as will appear from the following description. Y

l shall now describe the sea-going boat or ocean liner illustrated in the accompanying drawings as embodying my invention and shall thereafter point out my invention in claims.

Figure l is a plan view with the hull of the boat appearing in outline and embodyingV my invention.

`Fig. 2 is a starboard side elevation, the hull only of the boat appearing, the superstructure and other parts being omitted.

Fig. 3 is an elevation of the bow of the boat as viewed from the right in Figs. 1 and 2, the grating there appearing being omitted.

Fig. 4 is a transverse section on a vertical plane indicated by the line 4 4 of Figs. 1 and 2 as viewed from the left.

F ig. 5 is a stern view or elevation as viewed from the left in Figs. l and 2.

Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 4but with parts omitted and looking in the opposite direction, of a modified construction having two water-conveying conduits one above the other at each side of the hull of the boat.

rlhe boat illustrated in the accompanying drawings as embodying my invention is an ocean liner of a typical or usual design, the hull only being shown and comprising sides or side walls l and 2 and a bottom 3. The boat is shown as provided with usual twin screw propellers 4 and with a usual rudder 5. lt is to be noted that, so far as my invent-ion is concerned, the contour, shape or design of the hull of the boat in which my invention is embodied may be different from that illustrated in the accompanying drawings and may be of any usual or suitable configuration or design. It is not the purpose of my invention in any way to alter or change the hull design lof boats, such as y ships or other water craft, now in use to which my invention may be applied or in which it may be embodied. In fact my invention may be initially embodied in the construction of new vessels, or it maybe later applied to and embodied in vessels which were originally built without my invention. p

ln carrying out my invention in the embodiment thereof illustrated inthe accomslight ,inclination of panying drawings similar' right and left homologous water-conveying conduits are provided respectively at the port andY star-v board sides of the hull ruiming lengthwise along and fore and aft from the bilge adj a cent to and upward froin the bott-oni 3- of the. boat and located below the water line Win as appears in the several figures of the draw# ings. vThese water-conveying, conduits are shown as of substantially U-shape in crosssection. rThe hull ofthe boat atfthe sides thereof upward from the bottoni 3 foi-ins the inner wall of each of these conduits and all of the other linclosing walls of the conduits, tli'at'is to say, their outer and upper and lower walls run along straight lines fore and` aft parallel with the longitudinal axis of the boat, so that the gradual taper and usuall slight koverhang of the bow of the boat at the front7 and the usual considerable overhang and slight taper of the hull at the stern, provide, respectively, inwardly tapered wa'ter-receiving or water-collecting and outwardly flaring water-releasing or water-discharging funnels at the opposite ends of the water-conveying. conduits.

The shapeor contour of the hull of the boat at its sides 1 and 2 adjacent to they bottoni 3 gives to each water-conveying conduit a middle reduced part which projects laterally or substantially horizontally from the lower part of the sides l and 2 upward from the bottoni 3 along. the bilge of the boat, and which besides forming a water-conveying conduit also constitues a hollow bilge-lreel for the boat. The cross-sectional shape of each of these conduits along its reduced iniddle partis substantially flat along its inner wall, which is forined by the wall l or 2 of i; the hull of the boat, but the outer walls f of each of these conduits are shown as curved' along nearly Acircular lines to the shape of a shallow letter U, and are joined to the hull of the boat.

rlhe walls 6 of the reduced iniddle part of each of the conduits are extended forwardto the extrenie front end or prow of the boat, and at the bow of the boat the lower walls of these water-conveying conduits are shown as extended inward in line with the bottoni 3 of the boatto forni at the bow of the boat lower walls 7 which are joined to the hull ofthe boat and, at the extreine front, to eachother, and .which are shown as inclined slightly downward in h arniony with ,or in conformity to the usual the bottoni 3' toward the keel? line. This forw rdly extending continuation or extension of the reduced middle part of each water-conveying conduit has its upper vwall shown as extended atan inclination upward and inward along lines or in a plane parallel to the course of the boat or parallel to the longitudinal axis vof the boat to form an upper' wall' 8, these Walls 8 being joined to the hull of the boat along thetapered bow, as appears in the drawings.

The forwardly flaring water-receiving and water-collecting funnel part of each of the water-conveying conduits at its forward end is preferably, as shown in the drawings, flush or substantially flush with the extrenie front end or bow of the boat. This forward water-collecting Haring par-t ofl each of these conduits comprises the lower slightly inclined bottom wall 7, the upper inclined flat wall 8, and the intervening or intermediate connecting curved wall 6, which, as shown and above described, is extended forward from the reduced part of the conduits at the bilge of the boat.

The curved conduit-forming wall G is shown as extending rearward or sternward from the bilge lnearly to the stern of the boat and is shown as terminating at a point slightly in advance of the usual propeller fi and at the. side of the usual. short stern keel 9 of the boat. The rearwardly flaring i *aten releasing or water-discharging funnel part of the conduit is fornied by; a lower wall l0 extending inward from the curved outer wall 6 in line with the bottoni 3 of the boat, similarly to the forward bottoni wallextension 7 `and similarly joined to the hull of the boat; and an upper wall ll which is shown as extended at an inclination upward andvinward from the curved wall G till it joins the hull of the boat along curved lines throughout its length, the wall 11, however, being disposed in a plane parallel to the longitudinalaxis of the'boat.

It isto be noted in the construction illustrated, as appears inV Fig. 5 and as is indicated by dotted lines in Fig. l, that the upper wall l1 atl the stern does not reach the keelline of the boat, this being by reason of the fact that thisrwall at the stern end ofthe conduit part formed thereby terminates ata point slightly forward from the stern of the boat where the hull of the boat has a substantial thickness more than'that of the stern keel 9. `Itis, also to be noted that the rear upper walls l1 are inclined upwardly at a slightly greater angle than the' uppery forward walls 7, so that, in the con-` struction illustrated in the drawings, the capacities or cross-sectional areas of the forward vends of these water-conveying conduits. and of the rear .or stern ends thereof aresubstantially equal. It is to be fur-V ther noted that not only ldoes the curved wall 6, formingthe middle reduced part of each of thefconduits, constitute a hollow bilge keel, but that also the fore' and aft extensions ofV thiswall, and alsoV together therewith the inwardly extended upper and lower forward walls T and 8 and the similar inwardly extended upper' and lower rear walls 10l and 1,1" forni 'extensions of llo iis

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such bilge keel and have a similar keelforming function in addition to their function of receiving or collecting and conveying the water away Vfrom the bow of theboat and releasing or discharging it at the stern. yThe collecting of water at the bow and discharging at the stern is, of course, to a large eXtent only apparent, as in reality, due to the forward movement of the boat caused by Vthe usual propellers 4, the water in the conduits at the bow and stern of the boat is substantially at a standstill, while a rapid movement ofthe water in the narrower portions of the conduits, from the front to the rear, reduces the frontal resistance of the boat to the amount of the capacity Vof the funnels Means are provided for impelling the water through the above described water-conveying conduits and such water impelling means, as illust-rated inV thedrawings, may be screw lpropellers 12-located within the reducedpart of each conduit at the bilge of the boat. rlhese inclosed water-impelling propellers 12 are shown as four in'number, two within the middle reduced part of Yeach of the water-conveying conduits, one in advance of the other. These propellers 12 are shawn as arranged at an yangle'or inclination, having propeller shafts 13 the axes of which are all in the samel horizontal plane, but which are in different vertical planes which are slightly inclined at an acute angle to thc vertical keel plane of the boat, so that these propeller shafts 13 converge in a forward direction from the .propellers l2 and enter the hull of the boat through the sides 1 and 2 thereof, for the connection'thereto of a suitable prime :mover or power-providing-means within the hull of the boat, in "a manner or of a. 'construction similar to the usual driving means for the usual propellers or yby any yother suitable meansz' Bearing-providing ribs or `ridges 14 Vare provided on the sides 1 and 2 ofthe hull for. the propeller shafts 13r similar in this respectj to the usual bearing-providing fridges or ribs 15 for'the shaftsV 16 of the usual propellers 4. The slight inclination of the inclosed propellers 12 within the narrower partof each ofthe water-conveying conduits does not substantially interfere with their effectiveness -orefficiency andf provides Vva rvery simple construction without any substantial obstruction of the water-conveying conduits and Yalsoprovides lfor the convenient application of" power to the propeller shafts 13 11o drive vthe water-impelling propellers 12.

1t shouldbe noted that thehighest-points .of each of the Water-conveying conduits, namely, the upwardly" inclined and `inwardly extendedtop wall 8 at the bow of ythe boat and the similarly upwardly inclined vand inwardlyk extended vtop Vwall'` 11.at the stern of thel boat, are still well below the water line WL. 'It is further to be noted that the fore and aft upwardly and inwardly inclined top walls 8 and 11 could be thus inclined upwardly either more or less than appears in the drawings to correspondingly vary the intake and discharge capacity or cross-sectional area of the fore and aft ends of the water-conveying conduits. Also these walls 8 and 11 do not need to be transversely straight or flat walls, as appears in the drawings, but could be of any other transverse or cross-sectional shape found desirable, care always being taken, however, that these walls, as well as all of the outer walls of these conduits, shall eX- tend in straight and parallel lines fore and aft, so'as to move longitudinally through the water and to gather inY and convey sternward the water that otherwise would need to be pushed aside from the same space by the advancing tapering bow of the boat.

In the embodiment of the invention illustrated in the drawings, I have shown the propellers 12 at the sides of the boat within the above described water-conveying conduits as in addition to the usual propellers 4. In such a construction the propulsive effect of the usual propellers-4 may, if desired, be assisted by the propellers 12. ln such case the water impelled sternward and discharged through the rear ends of the waterconveying conduits will react directly upon the surrounding water. However, the pro- 'pulsive effect of the propellers 12 will be helpful to the propellers 4 to a far greater extent by reason of the taking away or removal of a substantial part of the water from in front of the boat at the bow, thereby lessening the head resistance or bow resistance so that muchless power will be required to propel the vessel forward.

From the foregoing descriptionY it will be apparent that the forward parts ofthe water-conveying conduits are of vastly greater importance than those parts thereof which extend aft. In fact, in some cases it may be found advisable to omit moreo'r less of the length of these conduits from the stern end thereof. It is the forwardly flared or funnel shaped forward ends of these conduits which collect or gather in and remove sternwa'rd the water from in front `of the bow of the boat which otherwise would impede the passage of the boat through the water, and in this connection it is to be noted that this water which is removed is taken away from the ldeeper leyels'thereof where the pressure of the water upon the hull of the boat is .and would be piled up, as is well known, at

the bow of the boat and rolled away in the formof bow-waves, with consequent waste of driving power.

The outwardly fiaring rearendparts .or water-discharging funnels at the Astern have their chief utility in directly aiding the propulsion of the vessel.Y By reason of this flaring construction, while still preserving outwardly straight fore and aft lines parallel to the axis of the boat', there is provided an enlarged area of the surrounding outside water for the sternwardly impelled water to act upon, effectively doing away with anything approaching to or resembling a jet, it being well known in thegart that jet propulsion is inedective.V In my illustrated construction, as hereinbefore noted, the water leaving the stern ends of the water-conveying conduits will be substantially stationary with respect to the outer surrounding water. Similarly, as hereinbefore and also hereinafter noted, the water which enters the forward ends of these conduits will. be likewise substantially stationary with regard to the surrounding water.

VIn carrying out my .invention as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, the cross-sectional area of the fore and aft ends of the water-conveying conduits being substantially equal, as hereinbefore noted, the speed ofV travel of the, water through these conduits will be substantially the same at its point of entrance or ingress at the bow of the boat and at its point of egress or discharge adjacent to the stern of the boat, and theoretically at least, or perhaps in practice with `a particular design and with the use of the additional usual propellers such as l, the water at its point of entrance or ingress to the water-conveying conduits at the bow of the boat and also such water at its point of discharge or egress adjacent to the stern of' the boat could be substantially stationary relatively to the surrounding body of water, the. water contained within the conduits having movement only in the more restricted intermediate parts of such conduits.

The side propellers 12 Vwithin the reduced middle part of the water-conveying conduits may of course be reversed similarly to the reversal of the usual propellers 4, and-y also these inclosed propellers 12 may be employed, if desired, for steering purposes or for turning the vboat around, or for stopping quickly in case-of need. In some casesit may be found desirable to omitthe usual propellers 4l and to rely wholly upon the water-conveying propellers 12 for the propulsion of the boat. Also 'in some cases, particularly when the usual propellers such as 4C are employed, it may be found desirable to omit one of the two propellersshown within the water-conveying conduits and-to employ only one of thesepropellers within each such conduit. Likewise, of course, should it be found desirable for any reason, the number of propellers 12 within the water-conveying conduits may be increased in number, as well as decreased.

Gratings 17 and 18 are provided respectively at the bow and stern of the boat for the water-conveying conduits to prevent the entrance into these conduits of anything which might choke them or injure the propellers 12 therein, the forward grating 17 being omitted in Fig. 3. The stern gratingsvlS, vin the particular construction illustrated in the drawings, are located just within the rear ends of the conduits, and therefore do not appear in Figs. 1 and 2, but are seen from the stern in Fig. 5. The modified construction illustrated in Fig. 6 has two water-conveying conduits 19 and 20, one above the other at the side of the boat, the upper `conduit 20 `being smaller and ofv correspondingly less capacity than the lower conduit 19. The lower and upperl conduits, 19 and 20 contain water-impeilingV propellers 21 and 22 similar to the propellers l12, hereinbefore described. In some cases, vparticularly should the vusual propellers l1 be omitted, it may be found desirable to.' have two of the water-conveying conduitsat eachy side of the boat, such as shown in Fig. 6. In other respects than as above noted, the construction illustrated in Fig. G may be substantially the same as that hereinbefore described with reference to the preceding figures of the drawings.

It is obvious that various modifications may be made in the constructions shown in the drawings and above particularly described within the principle and scope of my invention.

I claim:

1..-A device for decreasing the head'resistanceof boats Acomprising a water-conveying conduit extending fore and aft outside of the hull of the boat from adjacent to the prow of the boat aft at least as far as the-largest cross-sectional area of the boat and flaring at its forward end to provide a water-collecting funnel adjacent to the prow'of'the boat, and means for impelling'the Water sternward through such conduit. Y

f '2. A- device for decreasing the head resistance ofv boats comprising, in combination vwith a 4boat having a forwardly tapering hull,'a water-conveying conduit outside of the hull of the boat land one side of which tion with a boat having a forwardly tapering hull, a water-conveying conduit at each side of and at the outside of the hull of the boat extending fore and aft from adjacent the prow aft at least as far as the largest cross-sectional area of the boat and one side of which conforms to the contour of the outside of the hull from the bottom of the boat upward and the other side walls of which are longitudinally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boat so as to present a forwardly Haring water-collecting funnel at the forward end of each such conduit, and means within such conduits for impelling the water sternward through the conduits.

4. A device fordecreasing the head resistance of boats comprising, in combination with a boat having a hull tapering fore and aft, a water-conveying conduit at each side of and at the outside ofthe hull of the boat extending fore and aft substantially from the'prow aft adjacent to the stern at each side of the hull and one side of whiohconforms to the contour of the side of the hull from the bottom upward and the other side walls of whichare parallel to the longitudi- Qnal axis of the boat so as to provide at the Y pelling Yallel to the longitudinal axis prow a, forwardly flaring water-collecting funnel and at Vthe stern a rearwardly flaring ,water-dischargmgfunnel, and means within such conduits for impelling the water sternwardv therethrough.

5. A device for-decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising, in combination with aboat having a forwardly tapering hull,.a water-conveying conduit lat each side of and at the outside of the hull of the boat extending fore and aft from adjacent the prow aft beyond the widest partof the boat at the bilge and one'side ofwhichconforms to the contour of the side of the hull from the .bottom upward and the other side walls Vof which lare longitudinally. parallel to the longitudinall axis of thel boat so as. to provide at the prowa forwardly flaring fwater collecting funnel, and means within such conduits atthe bilge of the boat forimthe water sternward through `the conduits. n l v n A 6. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising, in'combination with a boat having ahull tapering fore and aft, a water-conveying conduit at each side of and at the outsidey of the hull, of the boat extending fore and aft substantially from the prow aft beyond the bilge'adjacenty to the stern at each side of the hull and` one j side Vof which conforms to the contour of the side of the hull from the bottom upwa-rd and the other side walls of which are parof the vboat .prow a forwardly funnel. and at the so as to provide at the flaring water-collecting stern a rearwardly flaringwater-dischargy and means at ing funnel, and means within such conduits atthe bilge of the boat for impelling the water sternward through the conduits.

7. AV device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a. water-conveying conduit at the outside of each side of the hull of the boat forming externally to the hull a hollow bilge-keel open fore and aft, and means for impelling the water sternwa'rd through such conduits.

8. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a water-conveyin conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-lieel and extending forward from the bilge toward the prow of the boat, the upper and lower walls of such forwardly-extending part being continued inward to join the hull `of the boat for presenting water-collecting funnels at the bow of the boat, the hull of the boat forming one of the walls of .each conduit and all of the other walls thereof being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boa-t, and means at the bilge for impelling the water sternward through such conduits.

9. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a water-conveying conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-leel and extending both fore and aft from the bilge, the upper and lower walls of such forwardly and rearwardly extending parts being continued inward to join the hull of the boat for providing water-collecting and water-discharging funnels respectively at the'bow and at the stern of the boat, the hull of the boat forming one. of the walls of each conduit and all of the other walls thereof being parallel Vto the longitudinal axis of the boat, the bilge for impelling the water sternward through` such conduits.

l0. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprisin O' a water-convey ing` conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-leel andextending forward from the bilge toward theprowV of the boat, the bottomwall of such forwardly extended part being continued inward to join the hull of the boat and the top wall thereof being continued upward and inward to join the hull of the boat for providing a forwardly and upwardly fiaring water-collecting front endof such conthe bilge for impelling the water sternward through such conduits. j

11. A device fordecreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a water-conveying conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-keel and extend ingboth fore andaft from the bilge, the boe torn wall of such forwardly and rearwardly extended parts being continued inward to join lthe hull of the b oat and the top wall of such forwardly and rearwardly extended partsl being ,continued upward and inward to join the hull of the boat for providing at the bow a forwardly and upwardly flaring water-collecting funnel and at the stern a rearwardly and upwardly flaring waterdischarging funnel, the hull of the boat forming one of the walls of each such vconduit and all of the other walls thereof being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boat, and means at thebilge for impelling the water sternward through 'such conduits.

12. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a water-conveying conduit at each side of and at the outside of the hull of the boat and extending aftv from adjacent to the prow ofthe boat, the upper and lower walls lof such conduit being joined to the hull of the boa-t so that the hull forms the inner wall of the conduit, all the other walls of theconduit being parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boat, whereby forwardly flaring water-collecting funnels are provided at the bow` lof the boat, and means for impelling the water sternward through such conduits.

' 13. A device for decreasing the head re- Y rsistance of boats comprising a water-@energy the outside of the ing conduit extending fore, 'and aft outside of the hull of the boat substantially' from stem to stern, and a propeller within the conduit for impelling the water therethrough.

14. In the propulsion of boats, in combination, a water-conveying conduit 'arranged lengthwise of the boat at the outsidev of vthe 1'5 hull thereof with its ends vbelow the waterline and extending substantially from 'stein to stern and open at both ends, and means for impelling the water through the conduit. n 15. In the propulsion of boats, in combination, a water-conveying conduit arranged lengthwise of the boat at each side thereof at hull with its ends below the water-line land extending substantially from stem toj'stern and open at both ends, and means for impelling the water through these conduits fromV end to end thereof.

16. In'thepropul'sion of boats, in combination, a water-conveying conduitV arranged lengthwise of the boaty at the outside of the hull thereof below the water-line and extending substantially from stem to lstern and open at both ends, and kmeans for'inipelling y the water through the. conduit.

17. In thel propulsion of boats, in combinatio'n, a water-conveying conduit arranged lengthwise of the boat at 'each side thereof at the outside of the hull below thewaterlinegand extending substantially from stern to stern and open 'at both ends', and means for impelling the'water throughy these conduits from end to end thereof.

18. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a water-conveying conduit at the outside ofeach side of the hull of the boat forming externally of the hull a hollow bilge-keel open fore and aft.

19. A device for decreasing the head resistance vof boats comprising a water-conveying conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-keel and extending forward frorn the bilge toward the prow of the boat, the upper and lower walls of such forwardly-extending part being continued inward to jiin the'hull of the boat for presenting watercollecting funnels at the bow of the boat, the hull of the boat forming one of the walls of Veach conduit and all of the other walls thereof beingv parallel tothe longitudinal axis 'of the boat.

2O. A device for decreasing `the head resistance of boats. comprising a water-conveying conduit at eachside Y'of and at the outside of the hull of the boat and extending aft from adjacent to the prow. ofthe boat, the upper and lower walls of` such con- 4duit being joined to vthe hull of the boat'so that the hull forinsrthe inner wall ofthe being parallelto theY longitudinal axis of the boat, whereby forwardly providing water-collecting and' water-'dipscharging funnels respectively at the b ow and at the stern ofthe b'oat,'the hull of the-,boat forming one of the walls of each conduit' and all `ofthe other wallsthereof being parallel t'o the longitudinalaxis of the boat.v

22. A device for decreasing the' head resistance of boats comprising a water-'con-V veying conduit at Y'each side of the hull of the boat and extending `both fore and l"aft, the upper and lower walls of suchA forwardly and rearwardly extendingparts being continued inward to join the hull 'of the boatl forY providing waterecollecting and' "water-V "discharging funnels respectively atrthe bow and atthe stern of the boat,v the hull of? the boat' forming one of the walls of each co'nflaring vwater-col# l'ectin'g funnels are provided vat the bow of fconduit, allthe other walls of theconduit duitf'andY all lof the other walls thereof being` Y parallel 'tothe longitudinal axis of theboatf j and means for mpelling the water sternward through such conduits. y 2-3. A device for decreasing the head r'esistance of'b'oats comprising Ya Swater'=con veying conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-keel eXtending substantially from stem to stern and open fore and aft.

24. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a water-conveying conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-keel extending substantially from stem to stern and open fore and aft, and means for inipelling the Water Sternward through such conduits.

25. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a water-conveying conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-keel extending forward substantially to the bow and open fore and aft.

26. A device for decreasing the head resistance of boats comprising a water-conveying conduit at each side of the hull of the boat forming a hollow bilge-keel extending forward substantially to the bow and open fore and aft, and means for impelling the water sternward through such conduits.

In testimony whereof I have aiiixed my signature.

HUGO BRNKHAUS.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

